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The surviving ruins of Holyrood Abbey date to the 12th Century.  The Abbey is adjacent to Holyrood Palace, where Mary Queen of Scots lived before her imprisonment in England, and where the current Queen Elizabeth stays when in Edinburgh.

    Our family trip to Edinburgh wound up tonight with a nice meal at a family run Italian bistro two blocks away.  The service was efficient, if a bit perfunctory, but the food was generally consistent (the main courses outstripping the appetizers and desserts).  We spent most of today at the Edinburgh Zoo, which looked as if it were going to be a disaster from the start.  In the first six exhibits we visited, the animals were hiding and the California sea lion had been shipped back to California.  This looked like it was going to be the biggest waste of $90 ever.  But my zookeeper wannabe 16 year old daughter encouraged optimism, which paid off later with a few decent peaks at large mammals, some colorful birds and a hilarious 100-yard long parade of penguins outside their enclosure.
    Here is the skinny on Edinburgh.  Concerning the restaurants, we had neither a bad meal nor a great one.  Individual dishes stopped just short of memorable - the pasta with king prawns tonight were quite good - but some of the little bites on the "sample platter" at one of the local pubs the other day fell short of decent (strange tasting chicken wings, mealy sausages).  The Guiness on tap made up for it.  For me, the most memorable bites of the four days were the two scones at Clarinda's Tea Room just a block from the Scottish Parliament building.  Brown and rock hard on the outside, a combo of flaky and crumbly inside, they were perfect (embellished beautifully by raspberry preserves and clotted cream - essentially whipped cream, but better).  On a scale of 1 to 10, I'd give the food in Edinburgh a wobbly 7.
    Our accommodations have been as good as we could have asked for.  Not exactly in the middle of the old City Centre, still we are close to the Edinburgh Castle, close to city transportation and close to grocery shopping and breakfast places (the bakery a block away makes a nice scone, if not the stuff that legends are made of, as at Clarinda's).  The Knight Residence is an apartment hotel on Lauriston St., and our two-bedroom apartment has been perfect for the four of us (two adults and two teens).  Although the wireless Internet connection seemed to shut off around 11 each night, my hard wire connection worked on command all night.  The three concierges on call during our stay - Charlie, Chris and Hugh - could not have been more helpful with advice and some hands-on help with the cable TV, which was mesmerizingly complicated (three different remotes and an info box on the screen that wouldn't budge).  Chris saved the day with a bit of old fashioned technology; he unplugged and then re-plugged the cable.  On my ersatz scale, The Knight Residence gets a solid 8 that would be a 9 if it were not for the strip bars - with discreet signage - down on the corner.  Right now, our kitchen has an unobstructed view up to the Castle, but alas next year, no more view when the office building across the street is completed.
    The city is wonderful, with a stunning display of history, topography (hills formed by volcanic activity millennia ago), and architecture.  Many buildings pre-date American independence and, indeed, a few before Columbus even discovered America.  Although enterprising Scots have turned tradition into moneymaking opportunities with fairly expensive tours, there are more than enough chances for the visitor to see things the way they were centuries ago (and without paying for the privilege).  Despite the odious monetary exchange rate, we found the 31 pounds charge for tour bus trips around the city to be a good deal.  You can use any bus of four lines that cover virtually every part of the city for 24 hours, getting on and off whenever you want. (One catch:  The 24 hours is a little misleading since the buses run only from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.)
    We could have used two more days to see the city fully, but not much more than that.  Edinburgh is not a large metropolis, and I judge a tourist friendly city by how easily you can learn the local map.  Edinburgh's main streets essentially run parallel, east and west, and the Castle is at the heart of it all.  You can use it as a kind of navigational beacon wherever you are.  As cities go, this is an easy one to traverse, with splendid public bus service (we took one home from the zoo), as well as the aforementioned private bus lines.  The people of the city are respectful and friendly, but straightforward, with a wit and humor that can bump up pretty close to biting.  At the train station this afternoon, I asked a young man at the information booth how best to get my wife and daughter's luggage onto the train to London tomorrow morning.  I said they had a few big bags, to which he said, "Aye, you Americans do travel that way."  
    For the most part, you know where you stand in Edinburgh.

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Every day at 1 p.m., the most extroverted penguins at the Edinburgh Zoo line up to take part in a parade outside their enclosure.

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Scale this:  Edinburgh Castle's position atop a volcanic rock in the center of the city has protected it through the ages.

    Edinburgh is one of the oldest thriving cities in the world, but it has an historical pathology that has forced the new upon the old over many centuries.  From the Romans on, everyone seemed to want the city.  The city has played offense and defense and, over time, defense has won. 

    The construction cranes I see all around town bring a tear to an old Otis Elevator Company man like me.  Old hospitals and other commercial buildings a century or older are being converted into apartments to meet the demands of a population that can make more of a go of it in a service economy than an agrarian one.  For an old city, Edinburghians on the streets skew toward the young end.  The cafes and pubs are filled throughout the day with what appear to be young office workers, students or pre-mature pensioners.  Nice work if you can get it.
    Reinvention is in the lifeblood of the city.  We had a splendid tour of Edinburgh Castle yesterday; it dominates the skyline of the town and offers panoramic views across the Firth of Forth to Fife (but not quite as far as St.eburghcastleprisonerqtrs.jpg Andrews) and to the city below.  The original Castle was built before years had quadruple digits in them - some evidence says earliest occupation was 900 B.C. - but was lost to the dreaded English in 1296.  When the Scots finally recaptured it in 1314, King Robert The Bruce vowed never to let it fall into English hands again.  All that remains of that Castle is the tiny St. Margaret's chapel, capacity 20 souls, which is the oldest remaining building in Edinburgh.  David II ordered the Castle rebuilt in the 14th Century. 

    When Queen Victoria visited the Castle for the first time in the late 19th Century, she didn't like one of the towers at the entrance; "Off with its head" she declared, and the tower's top was shaved off and rebuilt to her specifications.
    We did one other "tourist" thing yesterday, an hour below the streets of Edinburgh, in a place called Mary King's Close.  A "close" is a narrow alleyway with residences lining both sides.  In the 1700s, the city decided to build a merchant exchange directly on top of an area of tenements composed of four closes, including one named for the most successful merchant on the street, Mary King.  
    The tour was a major disappointment and not worth the $50 we paid for four.  The tour guide was unpracticed and unschooled, or so it seemed.  He had memorized his lines and not permitting of question time (the few that were barked out at him were met with more than perfunctory responses).  Worse, he dwelled way too long on the unsanitary conditions of medieval Edinburgh life, returning to graphic descriptions time and time again.  It was as gross as it was misplaced, and I needed a shower after the tour, and not just because the underground was a bit dank.  The ghost stories, advertised as ghoulish, were not nearly as scary as the repeated references to the raw sewage of Medieval times.
    Edinburgh is a great walking city, and of course you can fuel your journey by stopping for a pint in one of the burgh's scores of pubs.  They are every two blocks or so, and cover two or three corners at some intersections.  The weather has been splendid and everyone, it seems, takes their pints outside to the sidewalks. We finished our day with a walk around Edinburgh University, one of the oldest in the world, and a nice dinner at B'est, which might be a little pricey for most university students but not by much.  The two-course "pre-theater" dinner was about $20 and the four course about $30 (that adds dessert).  I had my first experience with haggis, Scotland's national dish, a mélange of chopped up organ meats and oats boiled in some animal's stomach.  It wasn't bad, although like many restaurants in the city, the Scots are modernizing the dish (this one was molded and placed atop a red wine reduction sauce).  I would say the taste was somewhere between meat loaf and Quaker Oats and contributed the better aspects of both.  It went splendidly with a reasonably priced bottle of rose wine from Australia.
    After eight miles of walking the last two days, we opted for the tour buses today.  More later...

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The views from Edinburgh Castle are spectacular, and on a clear day you can see Fife to the north, although not quite so far as St. Andrews.